Different Types of Organizational Structures
Modern business organizations run multiple product and service lines, operate globally, leverage large number of registered legal entities, and operate through complex matrix relationships. To stay competitive in the current global business environment, they must often develop highly diverse and complex organizational structures that cross international borders.
Modern business organizations run multiple product and service lines, operate globally, leverage large number of registered legal entities, and operate through complex matrix relationships. To stay competitive in the current global business environment, they must often develop highly diverse and complex organizational structures that cross international borders.
The various, multifaceted tasks and activities of an organization have to be divided into smaller, manageable components to facilitate efficient achievement of business objectives. Regulatory and management needs are the main driving forces behind organizational structures. These complexities create need for advanced operational and supporting business processes to drive organization wide effectiveness, efficiency and achieve business objectives.
This forces companies to create a diverse array of subsidiaries, legal entities, organizations, and accounting processes to ensure a smooth and profitable business flow. Tax considerations also impact how businesses construct these complex legal structures. In this section we will explore the different legal and operational structures that are commonly adopted by these global conglomerates.
Legal Structure - Driven by regulatory needs
Every organization must have a registered or legislated legal structure. In rapidly changing national and global business environment, it has become necessary that regulation of corporate entities is in tune with the emerging economic trends, encourage good corporate governance and enable protection of the interests of the investors and other stakeholders. Further, due to continuous increase in the complexities of business operation, the forms of corporate organizations are constantly changing.
Legal structures are driven by compliance and is used for external purposes. They are generally mandatory for all businesses. Banks, investors, customers, suppliers, lenders and regulators use these business structures to make contacts, approve loans, lines of credits and to make sure you are following regulatory requirements.
When you are just starting out you may not worry too much about the formal decision making process in your business. But, as your business grows issues about who has the authority to make what decisions could undercut your ability to make deals or grow as quickly as you want to. It is even more important to make sure the lines of authority are clear when multiple people own the business. Different business structures allow for different types of decision-making processes and lines of authority. If you want to avoid a legal battle in the future over who is in charge of your business, you have to choose the right business entity. You will also want to make sure those details are spelled out in any legal formation documents drafted by your business lawyer.
When choosing a business entity you are also committing to doing what is needed to maintain the legal status of your business. Different types of companies have different types of compliance burdens. The simplest structure is the sole proprietorship, which usually involves just one individual who owns and operates the enterprise. If your business will be owned and operated by several individuals, you'll want to take a look at structuring your business as a partnership. The corporate structure is more complex and expensive than most other business structures. A corporation is an independent legal entity, separate from its owners, and as such, it requires complying with more regulations and tax requirements.
Types of Legal Structures:
- Sole Proprietorship
- Partnership
- Limited Liability
- Legal Entity
- Subsidiary
- Representative Office
- Branches - Domestic and Foreign
- Joint Venture
- Corporation or Conglomerate
Operational Structure - Driven by management needs
The company defines its operational structures to assign roles and responsibilities and fix accountability at various levels where actual business activities take place. These levels are used to divide the control of economic resources and operational processes in a business. People at these operating levels have a duty to maximize the use of scarce resources, improve processes, and account for their performance. These levels are known as operating units and used to record and report financial/other information that is not legally required, but that is used for internal control.
Types of internal organizational structures:
- Hierarchical organizational structures
- Functional organizational structures
- Horizontal or flat organizational structures
- Divisional organizational structures (market-based, product-based, geographic)
- Matrix organizational structures
- Team-based organizational structures
- Network organizational structures
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